Prevalence and predictors of molar-incisor hypomineralization among Egyptian children: a cross-sectional study

Purpose The primary aim of this study was twofold: first, to assess the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) within a cohort of Egyptian children and, second, to investigate the potential correlation between MIH and various factors, including age, sex, birth complications, and endogamous marriage. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional investigation took place in Egypt's Delta region, with approximately 3000 children aged between eight and twelve years being recruited for participation. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD; 2003) criteria served as the diagnostic tool for identifying MIH cases. Upon detection of clinical signs or symptoms indicative of MIH, parents were queried regarding any potential birth complications or endogamous marriages. Lesion severity levels were diagnosed using Mathu-Muju and Wright criteria. Results The prevalence rate for MIH was found to be 7.2%. Molars exhibited higher susceptibility rates than incisors (64.8% vs 35.2%), with approximately 37% of participants displaying severe scores, followed by mild (33.8%) and moderate (29.2%). Male subjects had significantly more occurrences than females, with positive correlations identified between MIH incidence rates alongside each gender category as well as both birth complications and endogamous marriages. Conclusion Children born from complicated pregnancies or whose parents are related should receive frequent check-ups from pediatric dentists during their first permanent molar eruption period. so that early detection of MIH can be facilitated allowing timely intervention.