Phenotypic and molecular characterization of erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from swine and broiler chickens

Campylobacter spp. is a bacterial agent that causes gastroenteritis in humans and may trigger Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and is also considered one of the main foodborne diseases in developed countries. Poultry and pigs are considered reservoirs of these microorganisms, as well as raw or undercooked by-products are often incriminated as a source of human infection. Treatment in human cases is with macrolide, such erythromycin, that inhibits the protein synthesis of the microorganism. This study aimed to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from intestinal content samples of broiler chickens (n=20) and swine (n=30) to characterize the erythromycin resistance profile of the strains and to detect molecular mechanisms involved in this resistance. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution. The Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay-Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAMA-PCR) was performed to detect mutations at positions 2074 and 2075 of 23S rRNA region, in addition to PCR test to detect the erm(B) gene. From the intestinal content of broiler chickens, 18 strains of C. jejuni and two strains of C. coli were isolated, whereas, from swine samples, no C. jejuni strain and 14 strains of C. coli were isolated. All C. coil strains were resistant, and three C. jejuni strains from broilers chickens were characterized with intermediate resistance to erythromycin. The MIC of the strains ranged from <= 0.5mg/mu L to >= 128mg/mu L. All resistant strains had the A2075G mutation, and one strain with intermediate resistance had the A2075G mutation. However, the A2074C mutation and the erm(B) gene were not detected. High resistance levels were detected in C. coil strains isolated from swine. The MAMA-PCR is a practical tool for detecting the erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter strains.