Influence of Crown Height and Width on Marginal Bone Loss and Long-Term Stability of Dental Implants: A Systematic Review

Still, a major focus of research in implantology is how crown height and width affect marginal bone loss (MBL) and the long-term durability of dental implants. Maximizing the success of implants and lowering problems depends on an awareness of these elements. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review searched pertinent studies across several databases using keywords unique to databases. Studies on MBL and long-term implant stability evaluated in the review included those on crown height and width, horizontal and vertical cantilevers, and prosthesis dimensions. In the chosen studies, we found that both implant success and crestal bone loss were greatly influenced by crown height and width. Particularly in the posterior sections, horizontal cantilevers were connected to both increasing MBL and mechanical problems. Vertical cantilevers also affected MBL; however, their impacts were more obvious in circumstances with greater crown heights. Greater prosthesis widths, especially in the mandibular molar area, were linked to higher MBL. Bone density and insertion torque (IT) were the main determinants of MBL, more than the primary implant stability quotient. Early MBL was influenced by abutment height, mucosal thickness, and implant insertion depth; bone levels stabilized six months later. Short implants allow single crowns to be supported, but in some cases, a higher failure rate was seen. The success and stability of dental implants were found to be mostly dependent on crown height, width, and cantilever design. MBL and long-term stability are greatly influenced by horizontal and vertical cantilevers, which calls for careful design and planning. With specific care for bone density, IT, and early MBL stabilization, both short and standard implants can produce equivalent results. These results highlight the need for customized treatment plans to maximize implant success and lifetime.