Electrochemical detection of cocaine metabolites (benzoylecgonine and ecgonine) at the miniaturized electrified liquid-liquid interface

被引:1
作者
Borgul, Paulina [1 ]
Sobczak, Karolina [1 ]
Rizwan, Mohammad [1 ]
Kowalski, Grzegorz [1 ]
Poltorak, Michal [2 ]
Banatkiewicz, Pawel [2 ]
Walecka, Irena [2 ,3 ]
Rudnicki, Konrad [1 ]
Skrzypek, S. lawomira [1 ]
Poltorak, Lukasz [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Lodz, Fac Chem, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, Electrochem Soft Interfaces Team, Tamka 12, PL-91403 Lodz, Poland
[2] Minist Interior & Adm, Natl Inst Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Woloska 137, PL-02507 Warsaw, Poland
[3] Ctr Postgrad Med Educ, Dept Dermatol, PL-02507 Warsaw, Poland
来源
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL | 2024年 / 414卷
关键词
Urine analysis; Cocaine; Voltammetry; ITIES; Illicit drugs; Sensors; IONIC PARTITION DIAGRAMS; ORAL FLUID; VOLTAMMETRY; COCAETHYLENE; NORCOCAINE; PLATFORM; ARRAYS;
D O I
10.1016/j.snb.2024.135895
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The main urinary cocaine metabolites are benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester. These molecules possess two chemical functional groups that can be charged within the conventional pH range, this is the tertiary amine group (both) and the carboxylic group (benzoylecgonine). We have found that in the pH range from 2 to 6 (for benzoylecgonine) and pH from 2 to 4 (for ecgonine methyl ester) both molecules can be detected at the electrified liquid -liquid interface ( eLLI ) by following the interfacial ion transfer reactions triggered in the presence of the concerned metabolites in the aqueous phase. The presence of the benzene ring in the benzoylecgonine structure increases its hydrophobicity (on the formal Galvani potential difference scale) by around 200 mV as compared with ecgonine methyl ester which transfer is overlaid with the inorganic cations crossing the LLI at the positive end of the potential window. Macroscopic eLLI was used during physicochemical ecgonine methyl ester and benzoylecgonine characterization as we have defined their diffusion coefficients, ion partition, and concentration fraction diagrams (only for the latter). The miniaturized platform was used during electroanalytical studies focused on benzoylecgonine giving a few mu M limit of detection. For this purpose, we have used the fused silica capillary as the eLLI support. All our findings allowed us to use this system first to develop the electroanalytical protocol for benzoylecgonine quantification to finally detect it in the spiked urine sample with nearly 100 % recovery.
引用
收藏
页数:9
相关论文
共 48 条
  • [1] A Review of Mobile Forensic Investigation Process Models
    Al-Dhaqm, Arafat
    Abd Razak, Shukor
    Ikuesan, Richard Adeyemi
    Kebande, Victor R.
    Siddique, Kamran
    [J]. IEEE ACCESS, 2020, 8 : 173359 - 173375
  • [2] Interpretation of Urine Analysis for Cocaine Metabolites
    American College of Medical Toxicology
    [J]. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2015, 11 (1) : 153 - 154
  • [3] Bioanalytical methods for the determination of cocaine and metabolites in human biological samples
    Barroso, M.
    Gallardo, E.
    Queiroz, J. A.
    [J]. BIOANALYSIS, 2009, 1 (05) : 977 - 1000
  • [4] Facilitated Transfer of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metal Ions by a Calix[4]arene Derivative Across Water/1,2-Dichloroethane Microinterface: Amperometric Detection of Ca2+
    Bingol, Haluk
    Kaykal, Ferhat
    Akgemci, Emine G.
    Sirit, Abdulkadir
    [J]. ELECTROANALYSIS, 2010, 22 (23) : 2825 - 2833
  • [5] Oxidized thin aluminum films used as the polarized liquid-liquid interface support for norcocaine detection
    Borgul, Paulina
    Sobczak, Karolina
    Rudnicki, Konrad
    Leniart, Andrzej
    Skrzypek, S. lawomira
    Poltorak, Lukasz
    [J]. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, 2022, 373
  • [6] Bouchard G, 2001, HELV CHIM ACTA, V84, P375, DOI 10.1002/1522-2675(20010228)84:2<375::AID-HLCA375>3.0.CO
  • [7] 2-4
  • [8] Probing rapid ion transfer across a nanoscopic liquid-liquid interface
    Cai, CX
    Tong, YH
    Mirkin, MV
    [J]. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 2004, 108 (46) : 17872 - 17878
  • [9] The determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and cocaethylene in small-volume oral fluid samples by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    Clauwaert, K
    Decalestecker, T
    Mortier, K
    Lambert, W
    Deforce, D
    Van Peteghem, C
    Van Bocxlaer, J
    [J]. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2004, 28 (08) : 655 - 659
  • [10] Simple method for determination of cocaine and main metabolites in urine by CE coupled to MS
    da Costa, Jose Luiz
    Tonin, Fernando Gustavo
    Zanolli, Luiz Antonio
    da Matta Chasin, Alice Aparecida
    Maggi Tavares, Marina Franco
    [J]. ELECTROPHORESIS, 2009, 30 (12) : 2238 - 2244