Lutimonas zeaxanthinifaciens sp. nov., a zeaxanthin- producing marine bacterium isolated from coastal sediment

A Gramstain- negative, yellow- pigmented, strictly aerobic, non- flagellated, motile by gliding, rod- shaped bacterium, designated strain YSD2104 (T) , was isolated from a coastal sediment sample collected from the southeastern part of the Yellow Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YSD2104( T) was closely related to three type strains, Lutimonas vermicola IMCC1616 (T) (97.4 %), Lutimonas saemankumensis SMK-142( T) (96.9 %), and Lutimonas halocynthiae RSS3-C1 (T) (96.8 %). Strain YSD2104 (T) has a single circular chromosome of 3.54 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 38.3 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YSD2104 (T )and the three type strains ( L. vermicola IMCC1616 (T) , L. saemankumensis SMK-142( T) , and L. halocynthiae RSS3-C1 (T) ) were 74.0, 86.2 and 73.6 %, and 17.9, 30.3 and 17.8 %, respectively. Growth was observed at 20-30 degrees C (optimum, 30 degrees C), at pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum, pH 7.0), and with NaCl concentrations of 1.5-3.5 % (optimum, 2.5 %). The major carotenoid was zeaxanthin, and flexirubin- type pigment was not produced. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone- 6. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso- C- 15:0 , iso-C (15: 1) G, iso- C (17: 0) 3 - OH, summed feature 3 (C- 16:1 omega 6 c and/or C (16:1) omega 7c ), and summed feature 9 (iso- C 17: 1 omega 9 c and/or 10- methyl C 16:0 ). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids, and eight unidentified lipids. Conclusively, based on this polyphasic approach, we classified strain YSD2104( T) (=KCTC 102008( T) =JCM 36287( T) ) as representing a novel species of the genus Lutimonas and proposed the name Lutimonas zeaxanthinifaciens sp. nov.