Salinity Stress Implication on Vegetation, Anatomy and Yield of Some ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Varieties using Magnetized Water Technology

In Sinai region (one of the coastal areas of the Red Sea), Egypt, the agriculture sector relies primarily on the well water of diverse grades of salinity that may prohibit sowed crops from attaining full productivity. Additionally, the illogical use of well water is implemented in lowering both level and quality of irrigation water via increased salinization. To alleviate salinity stress in either irrigation water and/or soil, agricultural scientists under these conditions and the similar coastal areas of the Red Sea use common (i.e., salt-tolerant or moderate crops such as quinoa) and/or un-common methods (i.e., magnetic technology, etc.). A split-plot field trial using four Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars (Q1, Chibayi, Q37 and KVL) and three irrigation water treatments [ i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water following magnetization via passing 3 inches static-magnetic; 3.75 mT; manufactured by Delta Water Company, Industrial Zone-1, Alexandria, Egypt; and lastly, iii) Magnetic-BW2; brackish water following magnetization via passing a three-inch static magnetic unit; 0.75 mT; manufactured by Magnetic-Technologies Company, Dubai, UAE]. The experiment was performed at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr District, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt through the winter seasons of 2019/20 and 2020/21. Data demonstrated that irrigation of the four Quinoa cultivars plots with either Magnetic-BW1 or Magnetic-BW2) considerably overrode irrigation with ordinary BW in vegetation growth, dry matter accumulation of plant organs, total chlorophyll, anatomical characteristics of stem and leaves, concentration of some macro (N, K, Mg, Ca) and micro-elements (Fe, Mn) in dry leaves at 85 days after sowing, yield components and yield (Kg fed(-1); fed=4200 m(2)) of quinoa plant. The percent of improvement ranged between 7.82-36.55%, 24.74-32.77%, 21.22, 12.77-73.15%, 5.21-87.50%, 16.80-30.20%, 14.24-64.07%, 2.22-27.73 and 18.28% the parameters mentioned above respectively (Average of both magnetically treated BW). Revers trends were recorded in concentration of sodium zinc and copper were reduced by 74.39, 22.59 and 43.33%, respectively. The results also showed that the four cultivars differed significantly for the previous characters where Chibayi, came in the first order, followed by Q37 and KVL and Q1, respectively. Generally, all cultivars showed positive and significant responses under both magnetically treated brackish water treatments (Magnetic-BW1 or Magnetic-BW2) compared to BW. In conclusion, the result obtained clarifies that the application of magnetized water technology can be applied as a substantial way of minimizing salinity stress and getting quinoa yield better