Real-Time Hydrogen Refuelling of the Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Through the Coupled Transportation Network and Power System

At present, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (HFCEV) is increasingly affordable to replace petrol vehicles and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, the refuelling of the HFCEV is still an essential problem. Specifically, there are not enough hydrogen refuelling stations at hand. In this paper, a hydrogen based microgrid is presented to produce hydrogen to refuel the HFCEV, and different strategies are proposed to guide the HFCEV's refuelling within the coupled transportation network and power system. First, the HFCEV traffic flow model based on a real-world transportation network is presented. Then, a real-time simulation platform links the Sumo and Matlab is presented. Third, a hydrogen based microgrid to refuel HFCEV is built. Forth, an IEEE 30-node utility grid exporting power model is presented. At last, the real-time hydrogen refuelling of HFCEV through the coupled transportation network and power system is proposed. Four coupled structures are considered, and different HFCEV refuelling strategies (fixed price, dynamic price, LSTM decision price) are compared. The simulation results demonstrate that with the dynamic price, the congestion of the transportation network is improved, the waiting time is reduced by 17.71%, and the time loss of the network is reduced by 13.29%. With reasonable guidance of the price, vehicles choose the selected station to refuel hydrogen and influence the temporal-spatial distribution of the traffic flow of the transportation network. In addition, by adjusting the power station exporting power and the refuelling station importing power, the voltage condition of the power system can be improved.