High-redshift Merger Model for Low-frequency Gravitational Wave Background

被引:0
作者
Wu, Zhao-Feng [1 ]
Giannios, Dimitrios [1 ]
机构
[1] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 525 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
关键词
BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; STELLAR MASS FUNCTION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BULGE MASS; GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; JWST; COEVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; DENSITY;
D O I
10.3847/1538-4357/ad5c68
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
In 2023, the Pulsar Timing Array Collaborations announced the discovery of a gravitational wave background (GWB), predominantly attributed to supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) mergers. However, the detected GWB is several times stronger than the default value expected from galactic observations at low and moderate redshifts. Recent findings by the James Webb Space Telescope have unveiled a substantial number of massive, high-redshift galaxies, suggesting more massive SMBHB mergers at these early epochs. Motivated by these findings, we propose an "early merger" model that complements the standard merger statistics by incorporating these early, massive galaxies. We compare the early and standard "late merger" models, which assume peak merger rates in the local Universe, and match both merger models to the currently detected GWB. Our analysis shows that the early merger model has a significantly lower detection probability for single binaries and predicts a similar to 30% likelihood that the first detectable single source will be highly redshifted and remarkably massive with rapid frequency evolution. In contrast, the late merger model predicts a nearly monochromatic first source at low redshift. The future confirmation of an enhanced population of massive high-redshift galaxies and the detection of fast-evolving binaries would strongly support the early merger model, offering significant insights into the evolution of galaxies and SMBHs.
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