The groove effect on wake characteristics of rotating cylinders

In the present study, active and passive flow control methods have been implemented to investigate their effects on the wake flow structures of a circular cylinder. Grooves having circular, rectangular, and triangular cross sections have been applied to the cylinders exposed to the rotation rates, alpha, from 0 to 0.79. The experiments have been conducted by particle image velocimetry at a Reynolds number of Re = 5 x 10(3). The contour graphics of time-averaged results have been presented. Moreover, the variations in velocity profiles have also been depicted. The experimental results revealed significant variations for flow patterns, wake structures, and turbulence parameters due to the effects of both groove geometries and rotational motion. In the stationary cases, for turbulence intensity, the circular grooved cylinder exhibited a 15% increase, while the triangular grooved cylinder showed a slightly higher increase of around 20% compared to that of the bare cylinder (BC). Conversely, in non-stationary cases, the rectangular grooved cylinder displayed the most prominent reduction in turbulence intensity, decreasing by approximately 10% compared to that of the BC. The groove type has considerably affected the flow structures of the wake regions, especially for the lower rotation rates.