Advancement of electrically rechargeable metal-air batteries for future mobility

The automotive industry is one of the largest contributors to global emissions. However, pure electric vehicles that use energy stored in rechargeable battery packs are the panacea for the problems we face right now in alleviating climate change resulting from conventional fuel combustion. The demand for portable electronics and electric vehicles has increased, requiring newer, smaller, and lighter batteries with longer lifespans, higher energy densities, and overall improved battery performance. Efforts are being made to improve the performance of electric vehicle batteries, which have shown promise in alleviating consumer concerns about range anxiety and safety. This demonstrates that the electric vehicle market will continue to be very dynamic in the coming decades, with costs continuing to fall. However, developing advanced energy storage technologies that are cheaper and safer than lithium-ion batteries from more abundant resources is a viable option for future mobility and product sustainability. The current state of metal-air battery applications for electric mobility is summarized in this paper. All aspects of cycle capability, range, cost, service life, safety, discharge, and charging rate are investigated. Factors impeding the further development and marketing of these technologies, as well as potential solutions, are also discussed.