The effects of connective tissue massage and classical massage on pain, lumbar mobility, function, disability, and well-being in chronic low back pain: A three-arm randomized controlled trial

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Effect of massage in the management of CLBP has been documented, but it is not clear which massage regimen is more effective. This study was carried out to compare the effect of connective tissue massage and classical massage on pain, lumbar mobility, function, disability, and well-being among patients with CLBP. Methods: The study included 30 participants who were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: the connective tissue massage group (CTMG; n = 10), the classical massage group (CMG; n = 10), and a standard physiotherapy/control group (CG; n = 10). The interventions were administered three times a week for four consecutive weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of the fourth week. Pain severity (Visual Analog Scale), lumbar mobility (Modified Schober Test), function (Back Pain Functional Scale), disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), and well-being (Short Form-36/SF-36) was evaluated. Results: All groups exhibited improvements in pain, lumbar mobility, function, and disability after 4 weeks (p p < 0.05). The CMG showed enhancements in physical function, bodily pain, role physical, and role emotional subgroups of SF-36. The CTMG demonstrated improvements in all subgroups of SF-36 except general health (p p < 0.05), while the CG only improved in the physical function subgroup (p p < 0.05). A 2-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant group-time interaction for MST (p p = 0.04), Bodily Pain (p p = 0.025) and Role Physical (p p = 0.015). Conclusions: The findings obtained from this study showed that CTMG was superior to CMG and CG in increasing lumbar mobility, and both massage applications were superior to the CG in increasing the well-being.