Association between dryness sensation and ocular surface temperature and conjunctival blood flow in soft contact lens wearers

Purpose: To investigate the association between dryness, ocular surface temperature (OST), and conjunctival blood flow (CBF) in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers after airflow stimulation. Methods: After recruiting 21 SCL wearers (mean age, 25.3 +/- 4.2 years), subjects used two different daily disposable silicone hydrogel SCLs (narafilcon A and delefilcon A lenses). On three of four measurement days, excluding the first, OST, CBF, tear meniscus height (TMH), and non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) were measured after airflow stimulation at a rate of 3 m/s for 10 min. The measurements were conducted without SCLs on the first and second days, and with different SCLs on the third and fourth days. Dryness was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). These parameters were compared between the two types of SCLs, and their association with the dryness sensation was then investigated. Results: Dryness was significantly weakly correlated with OST (r = -0.375, p < 0.05) and CBF (r = 0.339, p < 0.05). TMH, NIBUT, and VAS scores for dryness with the delefilcon A lens (0.15 +/- 0.05 mm, 3.7 +/- 01.7 s and 29.4 +/- 16.9) were significantly higher, longer, and lower, respectively, than those with the narafilcon A lens (0.12 +/- 0.05 mm, 2.3 +/- 1.7 s and 35.9 +/- 17.0; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). The changes in the OST and CBF between with and without the delefilcon A lens (-0.36 +/- 0.35 degrees C and 0.99 +/- 0.19) were significantly small compared to the narafilcon A lens (-0.60 +/- 0.42 degrees C and 1.11 +/- 0.21; p < 0.01 for both comparisons). Conclusion: Dryness was correlated with OST and CBF, which indicates that when dryness was high, OST was low and CBF was high. These results suggest that OST and CBF assessments are effective for evaluating dryness sensation.