Surface energy balance closure over melting snow and ice from in situ measurements on the Greenland ice sheet

被引：0

作者：

van Tiggelen, Maurice ^{[1
]}

Smeets, Paul C. J. P. ^{[1
]}

Reijmer, Carleen H. ^{[1
]}

van As, Dirk ^{[2
]}

Box, Jason E. ^{[2
]}

Fausto, Robert S. ^{[2
]}

Khan, Shfaqat Abbas ^{[3
]}

Rignot, Eric ^{[4
]}

van den Broeke, Michiel R. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands

[2] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark

[3] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, Lyngby, Denmark

[4] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY | 2024年 / 70卷

基金：

荷兰研究理事会;

关键词：

energy balance; glaciological instruments and methods; ice/atmosphere interactions; melt; -; surface; snow/ice surface processes; ABLATION ZONE; MASS-BALANCE; RADIATION; GLACIER; HEAT; ACCUMULATION; IMBALANCE; FLUXES; SENSOR; FIRN;

D O I：

10.1017/jog.2024.68

中图分类号：

P9 [自然地理学];

学科分类号：

0705 ; 070501 ;

摘要：

Accurately quantifying all the components of the surface energy balance (SEB) is a prerequisite for the reliable estimation of surface melt and the surface mass balance over ice and snow. This study quantifies the SEB closure by comparing the energy available for surface melt, determined from continuous measurements of radiative fluxes and turbulent heat fluxes, to the surface ablation measured on the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2023. We find that the measured daily energy available for surface melt exceeds the observed surface melt by on average 18 +/- 30 W m-2 for snow and 12 +/- 54 W m-2 for ice conditions (mean +/- SD), which corresponds to 46 and 10% of the average energy available for surface melt, respectively. When the surface is not melting, the daily SEB is on average closed within 5 W m-2. Based on the inter-comparison of different ablation sensors and radiometers installed on different stations, and on the evaluation of modelled turbulent heat fluxes, we conclude that measurement uncertainties prevent a better daily to sub-daily SEB closure. These results highlight the need and challenges in obtaining accurate long-term in situ SEB observations for the proper evaluation of climate models and for the validation of remote sensing products.

引用

页数：11

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