Low-carbon development in power systems based on carbon emission analysis models: A comprehensive review

The greenhouse effect has led to extensive research efforts aimed at reducing carbon emissions and mitigating their impact on the environment. The power system, as a vital component of energy infrastructure, plays a significant role. Precise carbon measurement data is essential for effective strategies. However, carbon emissions within the power sector take various forms, including power generation, transmission, distribution, and end-user consumption. These emissions are characterized by complex compositions and transformation processes, making the comprehensive and accurate calculation of carbon emissions throughout the power system a significant challenge. This paper presents the advanced carbon accounting methodologies and allocation models tailored to power systems. Using CiteSpace, a bibliometric analysis tool, it conducted an extensive review of publications spanning from 2012 to 2022. Our focus areas include carbon emission, power systems carbon emissions, and allocation models for carbon emissions within power systems. We delve into discussions surrounding the rationale for carbon emission allocation, with an emphasis on the carbon flow theory as it pertains to power generation, grid operations, and end-user loads. The review provides insights into challenges associated with implementing carbon emission analysis models within power systems, also shedding light on future directions and emerging trends in carbon metering technology.