Neuroprotective Effect of Ginger in Ameliorating ATPases Activities in Streptozotocin: Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes affects each and every part of the human body and is a chronic health condition. About 422 million people worldwide have diabetes and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger on ATPases (Na+/K+, Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ) activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the mitochondrial fractions of Hypothalamus (HT), Cerebral Cortex (CC), Hippocampus (HC) and Cerebellum (CB) of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 30 wistar strain albino rats are divided into five groups Normal Control (NC), ginger treatment (Gt), diabetic control (DC), Diabetic+Ginger (D+Gt) and Diabetic+Glibenclimide (D+Gli). Na+/K+, Mg 2+ Ca 2+ MDA levels and liver markers estimated in all the groups. Results: Diabetic rats showed depletion in Na+/K+, Mg 2+ Ca 2+ activities, body weights, plasma insulin and elevation in MDA levels in brain structures. Whereas blood glucose levels increased and liver markers Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatise (ALP) are elevated in diabetic rats. Our results suggest that ginger treatment prevent the diabetes induced depletion of brain ATPases, body weights, insulin and MDA, thus enabling to preserve brain function in regulation of intracellular homeostasis of Na+ /K+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+ ions. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, body weights and liver markers are also normalized with ginger supplementation in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our findings may suggest that ginger treatment may decrease the diabetes associated neuronal dysfunction. Further our histopathological study also proves that ginger protected brain cells from diabetic induced oxidative stress. Our study indicates that ginger treatment may reduce neuronal complications during diabetes condition.