A critical review of the limitations of current diagnostic techniques for schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Its diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and control, particularly in resource-limited settings where the disease burden is high. Various diagnostic methods are available. However, these methods are associated with low accuracy, efficiency or accessibility. This review summarizes the published literature on the diagnostics of schistosomiasis based on the techniques of microscopy, serology, molecular, antigen-based and aptamer-based assays. The limitations of each technique were summarized to encourage future research. Furthermore, we highlight the need for point-of-care diagnostics that are sensitive, specific, and easy to use in resource-limited settings may address the challenges associated with commonly used diagnostic techniques. The review concludes that further research and development are needed to improve the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and enable effective treatment and control of this debilitating disease.