Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in Asians Versus Americans: A Review of Genetics, Diet, and the Call for Enhanced Prevention and Screening

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to pose a global health challenge, demonstrating significant disparities in occurrence among various populations. A wide number of research studies have indicated a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in South Asian immigrants compared to the local American population. The demand to improve the cardiovascular benefits of immigrants is increasing, which calls for further research with larger and more diverse population samples. This study will investigate the major causes of this variation, which include genetically diverse characteristics and changes in nutritional status among the study population groups. To assess the increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among South Asian populations compared to the US population, a narrative review of accessible data is carried out. The data in support of the present document are from the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Statistics for Heart Diseases and Stroke 2023, a trend analysis about incidences of cardiac diseases and global burden in 2017, all dating back to the last two decades. Relevant articles from PubMed and Google Scholar have also been included, as appropriate, and their references are provided wherever necessary. Graphs for the geographical variations in disease incidence are produced using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft (R) Corp., Redmond, WA). The review shows that there is a significant decline in the prevalence of CVD among American citizens when compared to the steady increase in the number of cases among South Asians, which is attributed to the unique genetic predisposition of South Asians to be more prone to CVDs. The changing dietary habits also play an important role in the fall in HDL levels in South Asians when compared to Americans. This is driven by genetic disparities, including the APOA1 and APOA2 genes, and nutritional disparities, including variance in quality and quantity of dietary consumption. Addressing the escalating cases of CVD among South Asians necessitates additional research to enhance proactive preventive measures and implement screening programs specifically tailored to address prevalent risk factors within the population.