Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Children

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic substances that impact the function of the endocrine system. They can affect hormones in many ways by acting as receptor agonists or antagonists, impacting receptor expression, altering hormone synthesis and breakdown, and through signal transduction and epigenetic changes. Many of these chemicals are ubiquitous in the environment or used as plasticizers, preservatives, or lubricants in commonly used products such as household plastics, food storage containers, clothing, cosmetics, medical supplies, and pesticides. Children are exposed to these items via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. Early studies focused on animal models, but more recent research has revealed that EDCs may have a significant effect on the human endocrine system and in particular on growth, pubertal development, and metabolism in children. Research on this topic continues to be a challenge because many studies show associations, not causation. In addition, because randomized controlled trials with exposure to these chemicals are not feasible, it can be difficult to identify the level of exposure that will result in these negative effects. A list of EDCs, common exposures, cellular action, and proposed clinical effects are summarized in the Table. © 2024 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.