Comparative analysis of ammonia and hydrogen fuel blends in diesel engines on performance, emission, vibration, and acoustic profiles

In the current study two kinds of gaseous fuels, ammonia and hydrogen tested along with the neat diesel. A series of test conducted in the diesel engine for the samples such as diesel, S1, S2, S3 and S4. The samples were varied based on the two different flow rates 5 LPM and 10 LPM. The parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), combustion parameters, emissions, and noise levels were determined. The research suggests that the typical properties of ammonia and hydrogen blends contribute to engine performance and efficiency. The S4 blend, 10 LPM of NH 3 and 10 LPM of H 2 , with a higher hydrogen content, was found to significantly enhance BTE across all engine brake powers compared to conventional diesel fuel. A notable increase in BTE with a climb on the brake power was observed, suggesting superior fuel energy utilization due to the blend ' s high-energy content. An inverse relationship was established between BTE and BSEC, where diesel demonstrated higher BSEC, indicative of greater thermal loss and inefficiency. Combustion analysis revealed a reduction in heat release rate for ammonia blends, this eventually compensated by hydrogen addition by optimizing autoignition and accelerating combustion. Emission studies highlighted a uniform increase in nitrogen oxides for all blends; however, the combination of hydrogen with ammonia was shown to mitigate NOx formation by lowering flame temperatures. Additionally, vibrational analysis demonstrated that ammonia and hydrogen blends reduce engine vibration, especially at higher loads, and contribute to decreased combustion and exhaust noise.