Regulatory Learning in the Face of Net Zero Climate Policy: The Case of the UK

In this paper we explore further how energy network regulation might better be adapted to the uncertainty challenges that are raised by net zero climate policy. We do this with specific reference to energy regulation in the UK. We discuss the drivers of change and the nature of the uncertainty that is faced by energy regulators. Next, we examine theories of dynamic/responsive/adaptive regulation for lessons that regulators can learn in the light of net zero. We look for regulatory learning from water regulators in Scotland and England and Wales and airport regulation in London. Drawing on evidence from a recent consultation with 41 stakeholder responses, we explore how energy regulation might need to change in the areas of planning, uncertainty mechanisms, regulatory incentives, financing arrangements, stakeholder engagement, innovation processes, and industry governance.