Synchronous Blockchain-Based Distributed Provable Data Possession With Forward-Security

With the rapid development of 5 G and 6 G technologies, vast amounts of data are being generated. To save costs and ensure data security, these data are typically uploaded to multiple cloud servers. For handling massive data, distributed storage is necessary. Additionally, remote data integrity checking is essential. To achieve this, the PDP paradigm (Provable Data Possession) has been proposed. Unfortunately, existing PDP schemes suffer from inefficiencies. The main cause is that the data must be divided into small blocks with a limited size, such as 160 bits for bilinear pairings-based PDP schemes. This approach incurs significant computation and communication costs. To address this issue, we propose a new model called synchronous blockchain-based DPDP (Distributed Provable Data Possession) with forward-security in multi-cloud storage. This new concept leverages blockchain, which is the foundation of cryptocurrency. The paper formalizes the system model and security model for the new concept. Furthermore, a concrete blockchain-based DPDP scheme is designed using blockchain and RSA. The proposed scheme is provably secure, and its performance is analyzed from both theoretical and implementation perspectives. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed DPDP scheme is provably secure, synchronous, forward-secure, efficient, and practical.