Study of learning climate, mobile game addiction, learning attitude, and learning motivation with teaching attraction as the moderator - evidence from higher education in Macau

This era of 'everything is done with a smartphone in hand' indicates that the smartphone has become an indispensable necessity in daily life. However, smartphone addiction can directly and significantly affect teaching activities, learning attitudes, learning motivation, and so on. Therefore, discussing the impact of smartphones addiction, such as mobile game addiction, on learning is the most important issue at every education level nowadays. The participants are students from three universities in Macau, including 381 valid samples. First, this study adopted descriptive statistics to know the sample distribution, such as gender or educational level. Second, this study used SEM (analytical tool was AMOS 23) to test and verify the significance of the research hypotheses. Third, this study used AHP (analytical tool was Yaahp 11.0) to determine the key criterion of teachers' teaching attraction. This study mainly discussed the relationship between learning climate, mobile game addiction, learning motivation and learning attitude, and analyzed the moderation effect of teaching attraction. The analysis results indicate that (1) learning climate was not significantly negatively related to mobile game addiction; (2) learning climate and mobile game addiction had a positive significant impact on learning motivation and learning attitude; (3) learning attitude was the positive significant antecedent variable of learning motivation; (4) learning attitude had a partial mediation effect, but mobile game addiction did not; (5) teaching attraction strengthened the relationship between learning climate and mobile game addiction, as well as between learning attitude and learning motivation; (6) the most important criterion of teaching attraction was the 'teacher's ability to communicate clearly'. Learning climate is a significant antecedent of learning motivation and learning attitude. Therefore, teachers can create a 'trial and error spirit' in their learning climate to encourage students to develop new ideas and become more confident. Mobile game addiction has significant predictive power for learning motivation and learning attitude. Hence, this study suggests that teaching with a personal style can attract students' attention; teachers should also use diversified teaching methods. The findings also indicate that learning attitude is significantly positively related to learning motivation. Consequently, teachers can communicate with students before class or discuss teaching methods that can enhance students' learning interests.