A missed opportunity to implement a 3D digital twin in strategic planning in the Ålesund region, Norway: What to blame?

While there have been academic discussions regarding the strategic and relational shift in spatial planning, and the potential of digital geospatial planning support systems (PSS) in this regard, the integration between these two has been given less attention. Understanding the obstacles associated with this integration is crucial to enhance strategic spatial planning and the utilization of geospatial PSS in this respect. To address this gap, the authors examine the tensions that arise when the planning systems of three municipalities in Norway intersect with the potential capabilities offered by a 3D digital twin. The authors found that the study findings not only supplemented those of studies concerned with the implementation gap, but also provided more general insights into possible obstacles for a strategic turn in spatial planning. In conclusion, they identify five key tensions in the Norwegian planning system that affect the uptake of a 3D digital twin.