Research advances in triboelectric nanogenerators based on theoretical simulations

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, with the advantages of low cost, flexibility, and high energy conversion efficiency, is an emerging energy conversion device with prospects for broad applications in micro/nano energy, wearable devices, and self-powered sensors. The results from theoretical simulation studies of TENGs will not only lead to an understanding of the working mechanism underlying an optimized device but are also expected to guide practical applications. This article summarizes the research progress in theoretical simulations of TENGs, including the charge transfer mechanism, the optimization of device performance, the equivalent circuit of the device, and the power management circuit. That progress has also provided valuable insights into ways to improve the energy conversion efficiency and the power generation capability. We hope that this paper will be helpful to those engaged in research of TENG-related fields.