Multicomponent Synergistic Antibacterial Hydrogel Based on Gelatin-Oxidized Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Wound Healing of Drug-Resistant Chronic Infection

Bacterial invasion hinders the healing process of wound, leading to the formation of chronic infected wound; meanwhile, the misuse of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of numerous drug-resistant bacteria. The application of conventional antimicrobial methods and wound treatment techniques is not appropriate for wound dressings. In this paper, quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) and pomegranate-like copper uniformly doped polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA@Cu) were introduced into a gelatin-oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose system to form a multicomponent synergistic antibacterial hydrogel (GOQ(3)P(3)). Polydopamine improves the biocompatibility and prevents the detachment of Cu nanoparticles. It can achieve synergistic antibacterial effects through quaternary ammonium salt-inorganic nanoparticle photothermal treatment under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. It exhibits highly efficient and rapid bactericidal properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) with an antibacterial rate close to 100%. The gel scaffold composed of macromolecules gives the hydrogel excellent mechanical properties, adhesive capabilities, self-healing characteristics, biocompatibility, and pH degradation and promotes cell adhesion and migration. In a full-thickness wound healing model infected with MRSA, GOQ(3)P(3) controls inflammatory responses, accelerates collagen deposition, promotes angiogenesis, and enhances wound closure in the wound healing cascade reaction. This study provides a feasible strategy for constructing dressings targeting chronic infection wounds caused by drug-resistant bacteria.