A Prosumer Hydro Plant Network as a Sustainable Distributed Energy Depot

The shortage of efficient, low-cost storage depots inhibits the large-scale adoption of volatile-by-nature, renewable sources of energy (RSEs). In this paper, we outline how to utilize prosumer-owned hydro plants of a few to several kW as a distributed, short-term energy storage solution that is deployable with little investment and a low operational expenditure. The proposed solution is a system of interconnected hydro depots with an active water-flow control algorithm that reduces the grid's load variability and benefits prosumers. According to the tests conducted, prosumer revenue grows from several percent to over 30 percent, depending on weather conditions, in comparison to the free-flow case. In turn, the cushioning effect of the distributed energy buffer balances the fluctuations introduced by other RSEs, e.g., photovoltaic- or wind-based ones. Hence, while benefitting the involved parties, it also facilitates the inclusion of RSEs within the power distribution system.