Exceptional Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia Catalyst Enabled by BO2- Anion Induction Effects Combining Heterogeneous Branching Architecture-Driven Mass Transport Enhancement

In this paper, an exceptional nitrate reduction to ammonia catalyst is reported, enabled by BO2- anion induction effects combining heterogeneous branching architecture-driven mass transport enhancement strategies. The implantation of the BO2- anion can inductively enhance the electron cloud density and electron transmission paths of intrinsic catalysts, makes electron more active to improve the conductivity, regulates the adsorption and desorption rates of intermediates by space barrier effect, reduces the binding energy of the electron and 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(BO2)O(OH), thereby lowing the transform free energy of the determining *NO3 to *HNO3 step. 3D hollow sea urchin lattice heterogeneous branching structure can self-drive generate differentiated micro convection intervals, which will be beneficial for improving mass transfer dynamics especially localized disturbance mass transfer effect of catalyst for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) catalysis process. Amazingly, the as-prepared 3D NiFe metaborate oxyhydroxide hollow bionic sea urchins lattice catalyst has a high NH3 rate 6.27mmol<middle dot>h(-1)<middle dot>cm(-2) with 98.7% Faradaic efficiency at low -0.25V(vs RHE) NO3RR potential. Moreover, the catalytic activity of this highly stable catalyst decreases only slightly over 100 h at ultra-high 1500mA<middle dot>cm(-2) current. This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of non Cu-based high-current NO3RR catalysts.