Investigation on mechanical properties and wear behavior of basalt fiber and SiO2 nanofillers reinforced composites

This study explored the fabrication and evaluation of basalt fiber-reinforced composites containing silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanofillers. Hand layup followed by vacuum bagging was used to create composite specimens with mold dimensions of 300 x 300 x 3 mm3. The mechanical properties, hardness, and wear resistance of the fabricated composites were assessed according to ASTM standards. SiO2 nanofillers significantly improved the flexural properties of the composites, with a remarkable increase of 178 % and 26 % in flexural strength and modulus, respectively. Additionally, the tensile strength and modulus of the composites were also enhanced. The hardness reached a maximum of 86 at 6 wt % SiO2, and the wear resistance improved owing to the better interfacial bonding and reduced wear debris size. Wear tests revealed that SiO2 nanofillers reduced the wear rate and weight loss, which was attributed to improved interfacial bonding and reduced wear debris size. The FESEM analysis provided insights into the fracture mechanisms, showing enhanced energy dissipation and controlled crack propagation. The study concluded that SiO2 nanofillers enhance the mechanical properties and durability of fabricated composite laminates.