Architectural engineering of nanocomposite electrodes for energy storage

The design of electrode architecture plays a crucial role in advancing the development of next generation energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Nevertheless, existing literature lacks a comprehensive examination of the property tradeoffs stemming from different electrode architectures. This prospective seeks to bridge this gap by focusing on the diverse nanocomposite electrode architectures. Furthermore, the challenges related to designing well-defined electrode architectures for enhanced energy storage are discussed. Finally, this review addresses the interdisciplinary nature of this field by examining the integration of advanced characterization and fabrication techniques, and machine learning methodologies for electrode optimization.Graphical abstractDesigning electrodes with controlled architecture and leveraging emerging tools such as in situ characterization, additive manufacturing methods, and machine learning facilitates the advancement of energy storage systems.