Physical and mental health of family caregivers of older parents and grandchildren in China

Background: Families have been recognized as the primary source of care for younger and older family members in Chinese tradition. The aim of this study was to examine the association between informal caregiving for aging parents and/or grandchildren and health outcomes of family caregivers in mainland China. Methods: Using data from the 2013 and 2018 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted univariate comparisons of demographics characteristics between informal caregivers and non-caregivers using t -test and chi square test. We used linear regression and negative binomial regression to examine the physical and mental health outcomes of family caregivers aged 45 and over living in mainland China. This cross-sectional study was based on the self-reported measures of caregiving status, demographic factors, and health outcomes. Results: Compared to non-caregivers, informal caregivers were more likely to be women, younger in age, married, living in rural areas, and with less years of education. Older age, being male, being married, living in an urban area, having a higher level of education, and having better self-reported health were associated with better mental health outcomes among family caregivers. Being male, younger age, and working, and having better selfreported health, were associated with better physical function among family caregivers. Caregivers who only cared for their grandchildren reported greater life satisfaction, fewer depressive symptoms, and a higher level of physical function than non-caregivers. In addition, caregivers who cared for only their parents reported fewer depressive symptoms than non-caregivers. Conclusions: Health practitioners and policymakers should consider the needs for additional resources for family caregivers of older adults and children. Targeted policies and programs may improve family caregivers' health, especially for female family caregivers living in rural areas.