Sustainable valorisation of coffee husk into value added product in the context of circular bioeconomy: Exploring potential biomass-based value webs

Coffee, one of the most popular beverages worldwide, generates significant waste during production, including coffee husk. Annually, an estimated 10 million tons of coffee husk waste are produced globally as a by-product of the coffee industry. Improper disposal of coffee husk waste presents environmental risks and challenges to human health. Handling and processing this material can lead to pollution, while improperly discarded waste may attract pests and release pollutants, necessitating proper management strategies. This review highlights the economic, social, and environmental advantages of sustainably converting coffee husk waste into valuable byproducts. It particularly focuses on recent advancements and innovative applications in coffee husk utilization. The review elucidates the detrimental environmental impacts of coffee husk waste and underscores the imperative for sustainable utilization. Notably, it delves into the adaptability of coffee husks as a bio sorbent for environmental remediation, a constituent in building materials, a renewable energy source, and a component in pharmaceutical and food applications. Emphasizing the relevance of supporting sustainable practices, the review advocates for capitalizing on the latent potential of coffee husk waste and transforming it into useful resources. Overall, this review suggests the adoption of sustainable practices and emphasizes the transformational potential of coffee husk waste in addressing environmental challenges and promoting resource efficiency.