LHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

被引：12

作者：

Cao, Zhen ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Aharonian, F. ^{[5
,6
]}

An, Q. ^{[7
,8
]}

Axikegu ^{[1
,3
]}

Bai, Y. X. ^{[1
,2
,4
]}

Bao, Y. W. ^{[11
]}

Bastieri, D. ^{[12
]}

Bi, X. J. ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Bi, Y. J. ^{[1
,2
,4
]}

Cai, J. T. ^{[12
]}

Cao, Q. ^{[13
]}

Cao, W. Y. ^{[8
]}

Cao, Zhe ^{[7
,8
]}

Chang, J. ^{[14
,15
]}

Chang, J. F. ^{[1
,2
,4
,7
]}

Chen, A. M. ^{[16
,17
]}

Chen, E. S. ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Chen, Liang ^{[18
]}

Chen, Lin ^{[9
,10
]}

Chen, Long ^{[9
,10
]}

Chen, M. J. ^{[1
,4
]}

Chen, M. L. ^{[1
,4
,7
]}

Chen, Q. H. ^{[9
,10
]}

Chen, S. H. ^{[1
,3
,4
]}

Chen, S. Z. ^{[1
,4
,35
]}

Chen, T. L. ^{[19
]}

Chen, Y. ^{[11
]}

Cheng, N. ^{[1
,4
]}

Cheng, Y. D. ^{[1
,4
]}

Cui, M. Y. ^{[14
,15
]}

Cui, S. W. ^{[13
]}

Cui, X. H. ^{[20
]}

Cui, Y. D. ^{[21
,22
,23
]}

Dai, B. Z. ^{[24
]}

Dai, H. L. ^{[1
,4
,7
]}

Dai, Z. G. ^{[8
]}

Dong, X. Q. ^{[1
,3
,4
]}

Duan, K. K. ^{[14
,15
]}

Fan, J. H. ^{[12
]}

Fan, Y. Z. ^{[14
,15
]}

Fang, J. ^{[24
]}

Fang, K. ^{[1
,4
]}

Feng, C. F. ^{[25
]}

Feng, L. ^{[14
]}

Feng, S. H. ^{[1
,4
]}

Feng, X. T. ^{[25
]}

Feng, Y. L. ^{[15
,19
]}

Gabici, S. ^{[26
]}

Gao, B. ^{[1
,4
]}

Gao, C. D. ^{[25
]}

机构：

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[2] Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Ctr, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[3] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[4] TIANFU Cosm Ray Res Ctr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China

[5] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin, Ireland

[6] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany

[7] State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Beijing, Peoples R China

[8] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China

[9] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China

[10] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China

[11] Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[12] Guangzhou Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China

[13] Hebei Normal Univ, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China

[14] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Dark Matter & Space Astron, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[15] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[16] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China

[17] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China

[18] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China

[19] Tibet Univ, Key Lab Cosm Rays, Minist Educ, Lhasa 850000, Peoples R China

[20] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China

[21] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Astron Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, Peoples R China

[22] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys Guangzhou, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, Peoples R China

[23] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sino French Inst Nucl Engn & Technol Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, Peoples R China

[24] Yunnan Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China

[25] Shandong Univ, Inst Frontier & Interdisciplinary Sci, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, Peoples R China

[26] Univ Paris Cite Diderot, APC, CNRS, CEA IRFU,Observ Paris, F-75205 Paris, France

[27] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China

[28] Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China

[29] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650216, Yunnan, Peoples R China

[30] Sichuan Univ, Coll Phys, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China

[31] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia

[32] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China

[33] Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China

[34] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

[35] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Moscow 141700, Russia

[36] Nanchang Univ, Ctr Relativist Astrophys & High Energy Phys, Sch Phys & Mat Sci, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, Peoples R China

[37] Nanchang Univ, Inst Space Sci & Technol, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, Peoples R China

[38] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China

来源：

RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS | 2024年 / 8卷 / 03期

基金：

中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

LHAASO; KM2A; Simulation; GEANT4; ENERGY-SPECTRUM;

D O I：

10.1007/s41605-024-00467-8

中图分类号：

TL [原子能技术]; O571 [原子核物理学];

学科分类号：

0827 ; 082701 ;

摘要：

KM2A is one of the main sub-arrays of LHAASO, working on gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics at energies above 10 TeV. Detector simulation is the important foundation for estimating detector performance and data analysis. It is a big challenge to simulate the KM2A detector in the framework of Geant4 due to the need to track numerous photons from a large number of detector units (>6000) with large altitude difference (30 m) and huge coverage (1.3 km(2)). In this paper, the design of the KM2A simulation code G4KM2A based on Geant4 is introduced. The process of G4KM2A is optimized mainly in memory consumption to avoid memory overflow. Some simplifications are used to significantly speed up the execution of G4KM2A. The running time is reduced by at least 30 times compared to full detector simulation. The particle distributions and the core/angle resolution comparison between simulation and experimental data of the full KM2A array are also presented, which show good agreement.

引用

页码：1437 / 1447

页数：11

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