Use of micropollutant indicator ratios to characterize wastewater treatment plant efficiency and to identify wastewater impact on groundwater

被引:2
作者
Linge, Kathryn L. [1 ,2 ]
Gruchlik, Yolanta [1 ]
Busetti, Francesco [1 ,2 ]
Ryan, Una [3 ]
Joll, Cynthia A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Curtin Univ, Curtin Water Qual Res Ctr, GPOB U1987, Perth, Australia
[2] ChemCtr, POB 1250, Perth, Australia
[3] Murdoch Univ, Harry Butler Inst, Coll Sci Hlth Educ & Engn, 90 South St, Perth, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
Wastewater; Waste stabilization ponds; Micropollutants; Chemical indicators; Wastewater treatment; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; SURFACE WATERS; RIVER THAMES; PHARMACEUTICALS; REMOVAL;
D O I
10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120822
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Contamination by wastewater has been traditionally assessed by measuring faecal coliforms, such as E. coli and entereococci. However, using micropollutants to track wastewater input is gaining interest. In this study, we identified nine micropollutant indicators that could be used to characterize water quality and wastewater treatment efficiency in pond-based wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of varying configuration. Of 232 micropollutants tested, nine micropollutants were detected in treated wastewater at concentrations and frequencies suitable to be considered as indicators for treated wastewater. The nine indicators were then classified as stable (carbamazepine, sucralose, benzotriazole, 4+5-methylbenzotriazole), labile (atorvastatin, naproxen, galaxolide) or intermediate/uncertain (gemfibrozil, tris(chloropropyl)phosphate isomers) based on observed removals in the pond-based WWTPs and correlations between micropollutant and dissolved organic carbon removal. The utility of the selected indicators was evaluated by assessing the wastewater quality in different stages of wastewater treatment in three pond-based WWTPs, as well as selected groundwater bores near one WWTP, where treated wastewater was used to irrigate a nearby golf course. Ratios of labile to stable indicators provided insight into the treatment efficiency of different facultative and maturation ponds and highlighted the seasonal variability in treatment efficiency for some pond-based WWTPs. Additionally, indicator ratios of labile to stable indicators identified potential unintended release of untreated wastewater to groundwater, even with the presence of micropollutants in other groundwater bores related to approved reuse of treated wastewater.
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页数:8
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