Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks for photo(electro)catalytic CO2 reduction

Amidst the significant challenges posed by global climate change and the need for sustainable resource recycling, there is a pressing demand for the development of new materials that offer high cost-effectiveness, exceptional conversion efficiency, and robust stability to facilitate the conversion of CO2 into high-value products. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which incorporate versatile porphyrin fragments, have emerged as promising candidates in the realm of photo(electro)catalytic CO2 reduction. Given their straightforward synthesis, tunable structure, chemical stability, and abundance of active sites, MOFs enriched with specific functional porphyrins can be precisely incorporated through in situ self-assembly or post-synthesis techniques, thereby broadening the scope of design possibilities for porphyrin-based MOFs. This comprehensive review delves into the rational design principles and recent advancements in the utilization of porphyrin-based MOFs for photo(electro)catalytic CO2 reduction. It elucidates the synthesis methods and CO2 interaction mechanisms, and delves into the latest research endeavors encompassing catalyst structure optimization, activity enhancement, selectivity control, and other pivotal breakthroughs. Furthermore, it conducts a detailed analysis of the current technical challenges, future trends, and the promising prospects of porphyrin-based MOFs in driving the industrialization of this technology. By offering a thorough theoretical framework and practical insights, this review serves as a valuable resource for enhancing the understanding and application of porphyrin-based MOFs in high-value conversion of CO2, thereby paving the way for improved catalytic performance and the successful implementation of this technology.