Experimental recreationist noise alters behavior and space use of wildlife

被引:13
作者
Zeller, Katherine A. [1 ]
Ditmer, Mark A. [2 ,3 ]
Squires, John R. [4 ]
Rice, William L. [5 ]
Wilder, James [6 ]
DeLong, Don [7 ]
Egan, Ashley [6 ]
Pennington, Niah [8 ]
Wang, Chris A. [9 ]
Plucinski, Jacinta [9 ]
Barber, Jesse R. [10 ]
机构
[1] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA
[2] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA
[3] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 400 Univ Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
[4] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA
[5] Univ Montana, Pk Tourism & Recreat Management Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
[6] USDA Forest Serv, Bridger Teton Natl Forest, 390 N Cache, Jackson, WY 83001 USA
[7] USDA Forest Serv, Bridger Teton Natl Forest, 671 Washington St, Afton, WY 83110 USA
[8] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, 400 Univ Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
[9] Freaklabs, 40 Kozuka, Chiba 2960233, Japan
[10] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA
关键词
STRESS-RESPONSE; DISTURBANCE; PREDATORS; ELK; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; VISITS; HUMANS; BEARS; FEAR;
D O I
10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.030
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Providing outdoor recreational opportunities to people and protecting wildlife are dual goals of many land managers. However, recreation is associated with negative effects on wildlife, ranging from increased stress hormones 1,2 to shifts in habitat use 3-5 to lowered reproductive success. 6,7 Noise from recreational activities can be far reaching and have similar negative effects on wildlife, yet the impacts of these auditory encounters are less studied and are often unobservable. We designed a field-based experiment to both isolate and quantify the effects of recreation noise on several mammal species and test the effects of different recreation types and group sizes. Animals entering our sampling arrays triggered cameras to record video and broadcast recreation noise from speakers-20 m away. Our design allowed us to observe and classify behaviors of wildlife as they were exposed to acoustic stimuli. We found wildlife were 3.1-4.7 times more likely to flee and were vigilant for 2.2-3.0 times longer upon hearing recreation noise compared with controls (natural sounds and no noise). Wildlife abundance at our sampling arrays was 1.5 times lower the week following recreation noise deployments. Noise from larger groups of vocal hikers and mountain bikers caused the highest probability of fleeing (6-8 times more likely to flee). Elk were the most sensitive species to recreation noise, and large carnivores were the least sensitive. Our findings indicate that recreation noise alone caused anti-predator responses in wildlife, and as outdoor recreation continues to increase in popularity and geographic extent, 8,9 noise from recreation may result in degraded or indirect wildlife habitat loss.
引用
收藏
页码:2997 / 3004.e3
页数:12
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