Omega-3 fatty acids in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Even with substantial progress in primary and secondary prevention, cardiovascular disease (CVD) persists as a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) have gained considerable attention for their ability to improve CV health and prognosis. Metanalyses of randomized controlled trials have demonstrated Omega-3 PUFAs' positive impact on CVD outcomes for both primary and secondary prevention endpoints. Marine Omega-3 PUFAs also improve CVD risk factors including blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation; however, many physicians do not recommend Omega-3 PUFAs, largely due to inconsistent results in randomized trials. In this comprehensive review article, we evaluate both historic and current data concerning primary and secondary prevention of CVD with use of Omega-3 PUFAs, delve into the potential causes for the varied results, and examine the most current recommendations on the usage of Omega-3 PUFAs.