Neonatal Benign Pneumoperitoneum: Three Case Reports and Review of The Literature

Introduction: Neonatal benign pneumoperitoneum (NBPP) is an uncommon condition often characterized by abdominal distension. It necessitates differential diagnosis to distinguish it from pneumoperitoneum caused by perforation and peritonitis, which may lead to an exploratory laparotomy with negative outcomes. In this document, we summarize the cases of NBPP treated at our hospital over the past decade and review relevant literature to offer insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Case Presentation: We report on three cases of NBPP, all of which presented with abdominal distension. Two of the cases were managed conservatively, while one underwent exploratory laparotomy. No evidence of perforation or other significant findings was observed during the surgery. All three patients survived. Conclusions: In cases of suspected neonatal pneumoperitoneum, it is essential to consider NBPP as a differential diagnosis and closely monitor disease progression to prevent misdiagnosis. NBPP can often be managed conservatively, although it is crucial to vigilantly observe any changes in vital signs throughout the treatment. Further research is needed to elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease.