Analysis of Voltage Control Measures at Distribution Networks Considering Fairness in Power Factors of Low-Voltage PV Systems

The Japanese government has set the target reduction in CO2 emissions by 46% in 2030 compared to their 2013 level, and achieving this represents big challenges to be overcome. Because of the land and weather characteristics, Japan has to rely heavily on newly installed PVs to achieve the 2030 goal. Supply and demand balancing and also voltage control at distribution grids have to be dealt with for successful integration of the PVs. Voltage control schemes using reactive power control of the PV systems have been widely discussed and a number have been proposed. This paper focuses on fairness of the displacement power factor at each PV connected to the same distribution feeder and it compares the performances of several control methods. The results indicate that the maximum PV installation share is between 62.5 and 100% with no power factor deviation. And autonomous power factor control, which this paper proposes, has the possibility to realize 100% PV installation share with a power factor deviation smaller than 0.05.