Potential anthelminthic properties of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam: a phytochemical review

Parasitic infections caused by nematode parasites are a challenge which causes significant threats to animal health, which results in economic losses. Medicinal plants have been utilised for generations as traditional remedies against various diseases due to the presence of bioactive compounds in the plants. This article reviews four selected plant species in Brunei: Azadirachta indica , Andrographis paniculata , Clitoria ternatea, and Litsea elliptica to unravel their potential in combating helminthic infections, considering both their historical significance and known therapeutic values. The phytochemical compounds present in each species that exhibit potential anthelmintic properties are discussed and evaluated. The selected medicinal plants from Brunei have shown their potential as an alternative anthelmintic source, particularly noting their effectiveness against nematode parasites due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plants. Caenorhabditis elegans can be used as a model organism to explore the exact active compounds having anthelmintic ability and elucidate its mechanism of action to enhance a better understanding of plant -based anthelmintics and their potential in combating nematode parasitic infections. Hence, the identification and understanding of the phytochemical constituents of these plants can offer promising avenues for the development of novel interventions to combat parasitic infections in livestock, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and securing food production.