A Real-Time Z bus-based Method for Peer-to-Peer Energy Transactions in The Energy Internet

The Energy Internet (EI) has emerged as a promising field within smart grids, addressing capacity limitations and discrepancies in energy resources. It facilitates a peer -to -peer (P2P) energy trading environment for EI prosumers and consumers, reducing reliance on the main grid. To ensure an efficient P2P trading process, it is essential to route energy through the path with minimal power loss optimally. The Energy Router (ER) plays a pivotal role in governing power flow through EI. This paper presents the development of a novel real-time Zbus-based method for directing P2P energy transactions within the EI considering congestion management. The proposed method depends on bus impedance matrix in forming the routing matrix. Firstly, the ER 's structure and function are outlined in relation to the network, and then to design the EI 's topology using an adjacency matrix representation. Secondly, the proposed method methodology is presented in steps and explained on simple 7 -bus microgrid. Additionally, a novel congestion management method is integrated into the routing algorithm, considering transmission line loading and available capacity during route selection. Furthermore, the paper applies a power flow technique to the selected routes to optimize power flow performance. The proposed method demonstrates enhanced directness and accuracy compared to existing approaches. Its efficiency is validated by testing a modified IEEE 14 -bus system and the standard IEEE 30 -bus system. Importantly, the method successfully identifies the minimum loss path, despite the unnecessity of power loss calculations in the routing algorithm. The key contribution of this research lies in providing a comprehensive and practical solution for P2P energy transactions in the EI, showcasing substantial improvements in accuracy, efficiency, and congestion management compared to previous methods.