Management of Chondroblastoma in Pediatric Patients: 21 Years of Single-Center Experience

Background: Chondroblastoma (CB), a rare benign bone tumor that produces chondrocytes, often develops in the epiphysis or apophysis of children and young adults. The treatment of these rare tumors is complex. The standard treatment protocol involves curettage with local adjuvants and bone graft or cement application. The authors examined 38 CBs to determine risk factors for local recurrence, complications, and functional outcomes following epiphyseal curettage. Methods: Twenty-two girls and sixteen boys aged 10 to 17 years with histologically confirmed chondroblastoma who arrived at our hospital between January 2000 and June 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data, radiographic images, histological results, treatment, functional outcomes, and the local recurrence rate were examined-surgical treatment involved total tumor curettage, followed by bone grafting and adjuvant techniques. Local recurrences have also been reported. Results: The most frequently affected site was the proximal femur. Sites of involvement included the proximal femur in 10 (26.3%) cases, the proximal tibia in 8 (20.8%), the humerus in 5 cases (13.2%), the distal tibia in 4 cases (10.5%), the distal femur in 3 cases (7.9%), the supracetabular region in 3 cases (7.9%), the talus in 1 case (2.6%), the calcaneus in 1 case (2.6%), the scapula in 1 case (2.6%), the lumbar spine in 1 case (2.6%), and the iliac bone in 1 (2.6%) patient. The mean follow-up was 144.2 months (24 to 276). The local recurrence rate was 7.9%. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 28.3 points (17 to 30). The mean duration of symptoms at presentation was 5.8 (range, 1 to 28) months. Conclusion: Aggressive curettage and bone grafting resulted in local control and good outcomes in most pediatric patients. In a relatively small proportion of cases, long-term complications and recurrence can occur due to growth plate damage and late diagnosis. In patients admitted to the pediatric clinic with pain, which is often accompanied by localized edema and joint effusion, early detection via advanced radiological scans (X-ray, CT, or MRI) may prevent delays in diagnosis.