Natural dietary ROS scavenger-based nanomaterials for ROS-related chronic disease prevention and treatment

Growing evidence demonstrates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is closely related to many chronic disease progressions, such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, because the over-expressed ROS that causes longterm oxidative stress in the body easily evolves into the chronic injury of tissue. Therefore, the development of ROS scavengers to prevent and treat ROS-related chronic diseases is significant. Among the numerous developed or discovered ROS scavengers, natural dietary ROS scavengers that existed in food such as curcumin and vitamin C, received great attention because they are naturally occurring and many of them have been used in medicine and health care products. However, some of them suffer from inherent defects like instability or too fast metabolism in vivo. These defects greatly limit their bioavailability and practical applications. Recently, it is found that the nanolization of dietary ROS scavengers can effectively improve their bioavailability and thus ameliorate therapeutic effects of ROS-related chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the systematic summarization of dietary ROS scavenger-based nanomaterials against ROS-related chronic disease is still rare. Herein, we attempt to give a review to inspire the research enthusiasm. In this review, firstly, the common types of dietary ROS scavengers in daily life, their main dietary sources, bioactivities as well as chronic disease applications and representative ROS-scavenging mechanisms are covered. Secondly, the general strategies to improve bioavailability of dietary ROS scavengers based on the nanolization are discussed. Thirdly, the applications and optimized design of dietary ROS scavenger-based nanomaterials against ROS-related various chronic diseases are systematically summarized. Finally, the challenges and future outlooks of this field are pointed out.