Evaluation of adiponectin serum levels and their association with oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq

Background: Diabetes stands among the top ten contributors to worldwide mortality, with diabetics facing 2 to 3 times greater susceptibility to all -encompassing mortality. The adipose tissue has garnered growing recognition as a vigorously dynamic endocrine organ, discharging an array of biologically impactful molecules, among which is adiponectin. We investigated the influence of serum adiponectin levels and their correlation with oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the province Anbar of Iraq. Methodology : A case -control research was carried out at Al-Ramadi Hospitals located in Anbar province, Iraq. The study encompassed a total of 84 individuals, comprising 42 patients diagnosed with T2DM, and 42 individuals enrolled as healthy controls (HCs). Venous blood samples were collected and each sample was divided into four, to obtain the serum. Serum levels of adiponectin and oxidative stress were assessed through the utilization of enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results : The study findings revealed that there was no significant impact on the lipid profile among patients when compared to the control group, as evidenced by statistically insignificant differences (P > 0.05). However, a noteworthy increase in glucose levels was observed in patients compared to healthy individuals, demonstrating a significant difference (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the average levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) displayed a significant rise in patients in comparison to the healthy cohort (P < 0.05). In a similar vein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels demonstrated a notable contrast, showcasing higher values in the healthy group in contrast to the patients (P < 0.05). The adiponectin levels exhibited remarkable divergence, with notably elevated values in the T2DM group relative to the healthy group, achieving statistical significance (P < 0.05). The data indicated positive associations between serum adiponectin levels and MDA, as well as fasting serum glucose (FSG), triglycerides (TGs), and verylow -density lipoprotein (VLDL). Nevertheless, no significant correlations were identified between adiponectin and SOD, as well as the other variables. Conclusion The findings of the study indicated that reduced adiponectin levels are associated with elevated oxidative stress among T2DM patients.