Cluster-based multicast optimized routing in VANETs using elite knowledge-based genetic algorithm

The advancement of autonomous and driver-assistance technology has greatly improved the experience of driving. With the growing use of vehicles, there is a greater need for effective communication among them to ensure both applications in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) for safety and non-safety. VANETs commonly prioritize multicast communication to efficiently use computational resources and achieve a desirable Quality of Service (QoS). However, the dynamic nature of VANETs, marked by high mobility and frequent topology changes, presents significant challenges in establishing and sustaining multicast communication. To ensure that sensing data from all target points is reliably sent to the base station, it is crucial to address the important factors of energy balancing, load balancing, connectivity, and coverage. These factors play a vital role in achieving a balanced and efficient transmission system. In this research paper, clustering-based multicast routing is proposed that utilizes an enhanced Genetic Algorithm Elite Knowledge Sharing Genetic Algorithm (EKSGA) to choose cluster heads. The EKSGA identifies the top 5 % performers with the highest fitness score and generates a new population by exchanging genetic information, aiming to establish a population with the greatest potential for optimal fitness. The performance assessment of the suggested protocol demonstrates significant enhancements in network lifetime and throughput compared to various existing protocols, including LEACH, DEEC, p-WOA, DDEEE, ECBLTR, and GA with improvements ranging from 2.4 % to 22 % in network lifetime and from 3.2 % to 23.2 % in throughput for a system consisting of 500 nodes with energy level set at 0.1 J for rounds 300. Additionally, the proposed approach utilizes the existing population to generate a more fit population, thereby reducing the need for excessive iterations and computational overhead.