Ammonia as a potential green dual fuel in diesel engines: A review

The diesel engine industry has experienced periods of expansion and contraction over the past few centuries. At the beginning of the 21st century, mostly diesel fuel was used in newly registered automobiles in India. Nevertheless, the diesel engine market was significantly affected by the disclosure of toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are a vital contributor to global warming, and internal combustion engines (ICE) are a significant buyer, as are concerns about fossil fuels. In the past few decades, procedures have been established to reduce CO 2 emissions during a product 's lifecycle and improve carbon retention. Carbon-free fuel, such as ammonia (NH 3 ), can "decarbonize" the diesel engine. This work examines the feasibility of using ammonia as a diesel fuel. The dual-fuel operation can dramatically reduce carbon-based emissions by burning ammonia alongside diesel, biodiesel, or another fuel at a lower auto-ignition temperature. Improving performance and reducing emissions can be helped by research into advanced fuel injection methods. The research concludes that ammonia can be a viable fuel option for existing and brand-new engines. However, much more study and developments are needed before green ammonia can be produced on an industrial scale. Concerns remain about ammonia 's safety and efficacy, and technological hurdles must be cleared before it can replace traditional fuels.