Quercetin Prevents Hypertension in Dahl Salt-sensitive Rats Fed a High-salt Diet Through Balancing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Sirtuin 1

Background A high-salt diet is a leading dietary risk factor for elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Quercetin reportedly exhibits cardioprotective and antihypertensive therapeutic effects.Objectives The objective of this study is to examine the effect of quercetin on high-salt diet-induced elevated blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and determine the underlying molecular mechanism.Materials and Methods Rats of the Dahl SS and control SS-13 BN strains were separated into five groups, SS-13 BN rats fed a low-salt diet (BL group), SS-13 BN rats fed a high-salt diet (BH group), Dahl SS rats fed a low-salt diet (SL group), Dahl SS rats fed a high-salt diet (SH group), and SH rats treated with quercetin (SHQ group). Blood pressure was checked three weeks into the course of treatment, and biochemical markers in the urine and serum were examined. Additionally, western blot was done to evaluate the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression levels. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to verify SIRT1 levels.Results We demonstrated that a high-salt diet elevated blood pressure in both SS-13 BN and Dahl SS rats, and quercetin supplementation alleviated the altered blood pressure. Compared with the SH group, quercetin significantly elevated the protein expression of SIRT1 and eNOS. Immunohistochemistry results further confirmed that quercetin could improve the protein expression of SIRT1.Conclusion Quercetin reduced blood pressure by enhancing the expression of SIRT1 and eNOS in Dahl SS rats fed a high-salt diet.