Analysis of energy supply, energy policies, and the final energy end-use consumption of the residential sector in Ethiopia

The residential sector in Ethiopia heavily relies on biomass for cooking, using inefficient cookstoves. In order to assess energy policies and decision-making for better economic development, it is essential to have final energy consumption by end-use. However, there is a lack of readily accessible data on residential energy end-use. Our study fills this gap by using data collected from surveys of 590 urban households in Ethiopia, estimating their energy end-use consumption, and analyzing their determinants. The annual final energy consumption per household is about 7.2 MWh, where 90 % is for cooking, baking, tea/coffee boiling end-uses, and only 2.3 % for lighting. The analysis reveals that income has the strongest effect on energy consumption for Injera baking and on miscellaneous end-uses, both directly and partly indirectly as a mediating variable. The study highlights the importance of end-use consumption data to plan energy efficiency, mix technology options, and make suitable policy interventions.