Strengthening links between HRM theories, HR practices and outcomes: A proposal to advance research on HRM and outcomes

Scholars reviewing research exploring the association between human resource management (HRM) and outcomes have noted a frequent absence of any link between the espoused HRM theory and the HR practices used to measure it. They have called for better theory about HRM and a clear link between theory, associated HR practices and outcomes. This paper answers their call by outlining seven distinct theories about HRM and outcomes, each with specific goals, associated core HR practices and related outcomes. Combinations of core, standard and marginal practices constitute measurable HRM systems. Challenges, implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.