Population predictions for the world's largest cities in the 21st century

We project populations to 2100 for the world's larger cities. Three socioeconomic scenarios with various levels of sustainability and global cooperation are evaluated, and individual best fit projections made for each city using global urbanization forecasts. In 2010, 757 million people resided in the 101 largest cities - 11 per cent of the world's population. By the end of the century, world population is projected to range from 6.9 billion to 13.1 billion, with 15 per cent to 23 per cent of people residing in the 101 largest cities (1.6 billion to 2.3 billion). The disparate effects of socioeconomic pathways on regional distribution of the world's 101 largest cities in the 21st century are examined by changes in population rank for 2010, 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100. Socioeconomic pathways are assessed based on their influence on the world's largest cities. Two aspects of the projections raise concerns about reliability: the unlikely degree of growth of cities suggested for Africa and the growth of cities in coastal settings (and likely global immigration). Trends and the effect of sustainable development on regional distribution of large cities throughout the 21st century are discussed.