Prediction error determines how memories are organized in the brain
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作者:
Kennedy, Nicholas G. W.
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Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, AustraliaUniv New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia
Kennedy, Nicholas G. W.
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Lee, Jessica C.
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Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia
Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, AustraliaUniv New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia
Lee, Jessica C.
[1
,2
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Killcross, Simon
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Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, AustraliaUniv New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia
Killcross, Simon
[1
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Westbrook, R. Fred
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Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, AustraliaUniv New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia
Westbrook, R. Fred
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Holmes, Nathan M.
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Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, AustraliaUniv New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia
Holmes, Nathan M.
[1
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[1] Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, Australia
How is new information organized in memory? According to latent state theories, this is determined by the level of surprise, or prediction error, generated by the new information: a small prediction error leads to the updating of existing memory, large prediction error leads to encoding of a new memory. We tested this idea using a protocol in which rats were first conditioned to fear a stimulus paired with shock. The stimulus was then gradually extinguished by progressively reducing the shock intensity until the stimulus was presented alone. Consistent with latent state theories, this gradual extinction protocol (small prediction errors) was better than standard extinction (large prediction errors) in producing long-term suppression of fear responses, and the benefit of gradual extinction was due to updating of the conditioning memory with information about extinction. Thus, prediction error determines how new information is organized in memory, and latent state theories adequately describe the ways in which this occurs.
机构:
Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, EnglandUniv Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
Exton-McGuinness, Marc T. J.
Lee, Jonathan L. C.
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Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, EnglandUniv Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
Lee, Jonathan L. C.
Reichelt, Amy C.
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Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaUniv Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
机构:
Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Management, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Sport Phys Educ & Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaYork Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON, Canada